Google Cloud Platform (GCP), the cloud computing service of Alphabet Inc, provides compute, storage, and networking services through its data centers in 25 countries and nearly 40 locations around the world. Growth in Google Cloud regions and the company’s core products and platforms, such as Gmail, Google Drive, Google Maps, Google Photos, Google Play, Search, and YouTube, are fueling the company’s need for more data center capacity.

In total, Google operates or is developing 35 data centers around the world. These data centers support Google’s current and planned 49 cloud regions – a physical location where it clusters data centers – that are designed to be highly available, fault-tolerant, and concurrently maintainable.

Alphabet Inc’s Google Cloud unit earns revenue from the fees it charges for its infrastructure, platform, and other services. For the latest quarter, Google Cloud generated $8.0 billion in revenue, an increase of 28% year-over-year. Therefore, on an annualized basis, Google Cloud produces over $32 billion of revenue.

Dgtl Infra reviews Google Cloud’s regions, availability zones, and data centers which support this burgeoning cloud computing business, with a focus on the company’s existing infrastructure locations and where future deployments will be built.

How Many Data Centers Does Google Cloud Have?

Google Cloud currently has 39 regions in operation and a further 10 under development, meaning that the company will have a total of 49 regions available by the end of 2024. Within each Google Cloud region are 3 to 4 deployment areas that map to clusters of data centers with distinct physical infrastructure (i.e., power, cooling, and networking), known by Google as zones, and commonly referred to by other cloud service providers as availability zones.

Overhead View Networked Server Racks Array in Rows
Google Cloud Data Center Location in Council Bluffs, Iowa.

Presently, Google Cloud has 118 zones in operation and a further 30 under development, meaning that the company will have a total of 148 zones existing by the end of 2024.

Google Cloud Regions and Zones

Below is an illustration of the layout of Google Cloud’s regions and zones. For example, europe-west2 is a Google Cloud region located in London, United Kingdom, which has 3 zones, known as europe-west2-a, europe-west2-b, and europe-west2-c.

Google Cloud customers can deploy resources and workloads across multiple zones to help protect against unexpected failures, which cannot always be done through a single, private data center.

In the cloud service provider (CSP) domain, Google Cloud’s main competitors include Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, Oracle Cloud, and Alibaba Cloud.

READ MORE: Top 10 Cloud Service Providers Globally in 2023

Where Are Google Cloud’s Regions and Zones Located?

Google Cloud’s regions and zones (also known as availability zones) are physical locations where the company clusters data centers around the world. Below is a summary of Google Cloud’s – operating and future – 49 regions and 148 availability zones throughout the United States, Americas, Europe, Asia Pacific, as well as in the Middle East and Africa.

United States

In the United States, Google Cloud operates 9 regions and 28 availability zones. Specifically, Google operates facilities in the following markets: Council Bluffs, Iowa; Moncks Corner, South Carolina; Ashburn, Virginia; Columbus, Ohio; Dallas, Texas; The Dalles, Oregon; Los Angeles, California; Salt Lake City, Utah; and Las Vegas, Nevada.

Hyperscale Data Center Google Lithia Springs Douglas County Georgia
Google Cloud Data Center Location in Lithia Springs, Douglas County, Georgia.

Regions

Within these markets, Google Cloud operates data centers in the following regions: Iowa (us-central1), South Carolina (us-east1), Northern Virginia (us-east4), Columbus (us-east5), Dallas (us-south1), Oregon (us-west1), Los Angeles (us-west2), Salt Lake City (us-west3), and Las Vegas (us-west4).

United States – Regions and Availability Zones
RegionsCodeZonesLocationStateOpened
Iowaus-central14Council BluffsIowa2013
South Carolinaus-east13Moncks CornerSouth Carolina2015
Northern Virginiaus-east43AshburnVirginia2017
Columbusus-east53ColumbusOhio2022
Dallasus-south13DallasTexas2022
Oregonus-west13The DallesOregon2013
Los Angelesus-west23Los AngelesCalifornia2018
Salt Lake Cityus-west33Salt Lake CityUtah2020
Las Vegasus-west43Las VegasNevada2020
Total28

Americas

In the Americas, Google Cloud operates or is planning 5 regions and 15 availability zones. Particularly, Google Cloud is available or will be opening in the following markets: Montréal (Québec), Canada; Toronto (Ontario), Canada; São Paulo (Osasco), Brazil; Santiago, Chile; and Querétaro, Mexico.

Datacenter Server Racks Infrastructure in Rows within a Secure Facility

Regions

Within these locations, Google Cloud operates data centers in the following regions: Montréal (northamerica-northeast1), Toronto (northamerica-northeast2), São Paulo (southamerica-east1), and Santiago (southamerica-west1). While Google will be opening its next Americas data center region in Querétaro, Mexico, in 2023 or 2024.

Americas – Regions and Availability Zones
RegionsCodeZonesLocationCountryOpened
Montréalnorthamerica-northeast13MontréalCanada2018
Torontonorthamerica-northeast23TorontoCanada2021
São Paulosouthamerica-east13São PauloBrazil2017
Santiagosouthamerica-west13SantiagoChile2021
QuerétaroTBD*3QuerétaroMexicoFuture
Total15
*Future Google Cloud region.

Europe

In Europe, Google Cloud operates or is planning 16 regions and 48 availability zones. Presently, Google Cloud is available or will be opening in the following markets: Warsaw, Poland; Hamina, Finland; Madrid, Spain; St. Ghislain, Belgium; London, United Kingdom; Frankfurt, Germany; Eemshaven, Netherlands; Zürich, Switzerland; Milan, Italy; Paris, France; Berlin (including Brandenburg), Germany; Turin, Italy; Vienna, Austria; Athens, Greece; Oslo, Norway; and Stockholm, Sweden.

Aerial View of Google Cloud Data Center Located in Eemshaven Netherlands
Google Cloud Data Center Location in Eemshaven, Netherlands.

Regions

Within these markets, Google Cloud operates data centers in the following regions: Warsaw (europe-central2); Finland (europe-north1); Madrid (europe-southwest1); Belgium (europe-west1); London (europe-west2); Frankfurt (europe-west3); Netherlands (europe-west4); Zürich (europe-west6); Milan (europe-west8); Paris (europe-west9); Berlin (europe-west10); and Turin (europe-west12).

Additionally, Google Cloud is establishing its next four Europe data center regions in Vienna, Austria; Athens, Greece; Oslo, Norway; and Stockholm, Sweden.

Europe – Regions and Availability Zones
RegionsCodeZonesLocationCountryOpened
Warsaweurope-central23WarsawPoland2021
Finlandeurope-north13HaminaFinland2018
Madrideurope-southwest13MadridSpain2022
Belgiumeurope-west13St. GhislainBelgium2013
Londoneurope-west23LondonUnited Kingdom2017
Frankfurteurope-west33FrankfurtGermany2017
Netherlandseurope-west43EemshavenNetherlands2018
Züricheurope-west63ZürichSwitzerland2019
Milaneurope-west83MilanItaly2022
Pariseurope-west93ParisFrance2022
Berlineurope-west103BerlinGermany2023
Turineurope-west123TurinItaly2023
AustriaTBD*3ViennaAustriaFuture
GreeceTBD*3AthensGreeceFuture
NorwayTBD*3OsloNorwayFuture
SwedenTBD*3StockholmSwedenFuture
Total48
*Future Google Cloud region.

Asia Pacific

In Asia Pacific, Google Cloud operates or is planning 14 regions and 42 availability zones. Specifically, Google Cloud is available or will be opening in the following markets: Changhua County, Taiwan; Hong Kong, SAR; Tokyo, Japan; Osaka, Japan; Seoul, South Korea; Mumbai, India; Delhi, India; Jurong West, Singapore; Jakarta, Indonesia; Sydney, Australia; Melbourne, Australia; Auckland, New Zealand; Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; and Bangkok, Thailand.

Google Cloud Data Center in Singapore at Night with Dark Sky
Google Cloud Data Center Location in Singapore.

Regions

Within these locations, Google Cloud operates data centers in the following regions: Taiwan (asia-east1), Hong Kong (asia-east2), Tokyo (asia-northeast1), Osaka (asia-northeast2), Seoul (asia-northeast3), Mumbai (asia-south1), Delhi (asia-south2), Singapore (asia-southeast1), Jakarta (asia-southeast2), Sydney (australia-southeast1), and Melbourne (australia-southeast2).

In addition, Google Cloud is establishing its next three Asia Pacific data center regions in Auckland, New Zealand; Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; and Bangkok, Thailand.

Asia Pacific – Regions and Availability Zones
RegionsCodeZonesLocationCountryOpened
Taiwanasia-east13Changhua CountyTaiwan2014
Hong Kongasia-east23Hong KongSAR2018
Tokyoasia-northeast13TokyoJapan2016
Osakaasia-northeast23OsakaJapan2019
Seoulasia-northeast33SeoulSouth Korea2020
Mumbaiasia-south13MumbaiIndia2017
Delhiasia-south23DelhiIndia2021
Singaporeasia-southeast13Jurong WestSingapore2017
Jakartaasia-southeast23JakartaIndonesia2020
Sydneyaustralia-southeast13SydneyAustralia2017
Melbourneaustralia-southeast23MelbourneAustralia2021
New ZealandTBD*3AucklandNew ZealandFuture
MalaysiaTBD*3Kuala LumpurMalaysiaFuture
ThailandTBD*3BangkokThailandFuture
Total42
*Future Google Cloud region.

Middle East and Africa

In the Middle East and Africa, Google Cloud operates or is planning 5 regions and 15 availability zones. Particularly, Google Cloud is available or will be opening in the following markets: Tel Aviv, Israel; Doha, Qatar; Dammam, Saudi Arabia; Johannesburg, South Africa; and Kuwait City, Kuwait.

Server Racks Housed in a Digital Infrastructure Facility for Processing

Regions

Within these markets, Google Cloud operates data centers in the following regions: Tel Aviv (me-west1), Doha (me-central1), and Dammam (me-central2). Additionally, Google Cloud is establishing its next two Middle East and Africa data center regions in Johannesburg, South Africa and Kuwait City, Kuwait.

Middle East and Africa – Regions and Availability Zones
RegionsCodeZonesLocationCountryOpened
Tel Avivme-west13Tel AvivIsrael2022
Dohame-central13DohaQatar2023
Dammamme-central23DammamSaudi Arabia2023
JohannesburgTBD*3JohannesburgSouth AfricaFuture
KuwaitTBD*3Kuwait CityKuwaitFuture
Total15
*Future Google Cloud region.

Where Are Google’s Data Centers Located?

In total, Google has 35 owned data centers either in operation or under development across more than 10 countries throughout the world. Google owns and operates these data centers to keep its products running and the internet functioning 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.

Google Owned Data Center Locations

United States

Google operates or is building 23 data centers in 15 states across the U.S., including Alabama, Arizona, Georgia, Iowa, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia.

United States – Google Data Centers

Below is a summary of Google’s United States data center locations, including each of their addresses:

AddressCityCountyState
1430 Veterans Memorial HighwayCouncil BluffsPottawattamieIowa
10410 Bunge AvenueCouncil BluffsPottawattamieIowa
Parvin Road and Arlington AvenueKansas CityJacksonMissouri
North 56th Street and Interstate 80LincolnLancasterNebraska
14706 Schram RoadPapillionSarpyNebraska
Blair High Road and State StreetUnionCassNebraska
104 Whiley RoadLancasterFairfieldOhio
5076 South High StreetLockbourneFranklinOhio
1101 Beech Road SWNew AlbanyFranklinOhio
48809 AL Highway 277BridgeportJacksonAlabama
300 Riverside ParkwayLithia SpringsDouglasGeorgia
708 Lynhaven DriveLenoirCaldwellNorth Carolina
1669 Garrott AvenueMoncks CornerBerkeleySouth Carolina
100 Solar WayClarksvilleMontgomeryTennessee
42575 Arcola BoulevardSterlingLoudounVirginia
20491 Goose Landing LaneLeesburgLoudounVirginia
Sossaman Road and Elliot RoadMesaMaricopaArizona
4581 Webb StreetPryorMayesOklahoma
3800 Railport ParkwayMidlothianEllisTexas
156 Austin BoulevardRed OakEllisTexas
540 & 560 W Warm Springs RoadHendersonClarkNevada
7400 USA ParkwaySparksStoreyNevada
4200 Columbia RoadThe DallesWascoOregon

Facility-level investment and employment details for each of Google’s United States data center locations, grouped by region, are as follows:

Midwest – United States – Google Data Centers
  • Council Bluffs: Google has invested a total of $5 billion into its two data center campuses in Council Bluffs, Pottawattamie County, Iowa, creating jobs for over 900 people on-site
  • Papillion: Google is investing a total of $600 million into its campus in Papillion, Sarpy County, Nebraska. Overall, Google has more than 120 full-time employees in Nebraska
  • New Albany: Google is investing a total of $600 million into its campus in New Albany, Franklin County, Ohio. Overall, Google has more than 210 full-time employees in Ohio
Southeast – United States – Google Data Centers
  • Bridgeport: Google has invested a total of $600 million into its data center campus in Bridgeport, Jackson County, Alabama, creating jobs for over 100 people on-site and more than 230 in the state
  • Lithia Springs: Google has invested over $1.2 billion into its campus in Lithia Springs, Douglas County, Georgia, creating jobs for over 500 people in the state
  • Lenoir: Google has invested a total of $1.2 billion into its campus in Lenoir, Caldwell County, North Carolina, creating jobs for more than 250 people on-site and over 340 in the state
  • Moncks Corner: Google has invested a total of $2.4 billion into its campus in Moncks Corner, Berkeley County, South Carolina, creating jobs for more than 400 people on-site and over 750 in the state
  • Clarksville: Google is investing a total of $600 million into its campus in Clarksville, Montgomery County, Tennessee, which will employ more than 70 personnel once fully operational
  • Sterling and Leesburg: Google has invested a total of $1.2 billion into its two campuses in Sterling and Leesburg, which are both part of Loudoun County, Virginia. Overall, Google has more than 480 full-time employees in Virginia
Southwest – United States – Google Data Centers
  • Pryor: Google has invested a total of $4.4 billion into its data center campus in Pryor, Mayes County, Oklahoma, creating jobs for more than 800 people on-site
  • Midlothian: Google is investing a total of $600 million into its campus in Midlothian, Ellis County, Texas. Overall, Google has more than 2,400 full-time employees in Texas
West – United States – Google Data Centers
  • Henderson: Google is investing a total of $1.2 billion into its data center campus in Henderson, Clark County, Nevada. Together with Google’s data center campus in Sparks, the company plans to invest $1.8 billion in Nevada and has created jobs for more than 200 people in the state
  • Sparks: Google has invested a total of $600 million into its campus in Sparks, Storey County, Nevada
  • The Dalles: Google has invested a total of $1.8 billion into its campus in The Dalles, Wasco County, Oregon, creating jobs for over 200 people on-site

Americas

Google operates one data center and is building a second facility in the Americas. These facilities are located in the city of Beauharnois, Québec, Canada – which is located just outside of Montréal – and the municipality of Quilicura, near Santiago, Chile. Google estimates that its long-term investment in its data center campus in Quilicura, Chile, will exceed $290 million.

Below is a summary of Google’s Americas data center locations, including each of their addresses:

AddressLocationMetroCountry
Chemin de la Rivière-Saint-Louis NBeauharnoisMontréalCanada
El Molino 2130QuilicuraSantiagoChile

Europe

Google operates or is building 7 data centers in 5 countries across Europe, namely Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Ireland, and the Netherlands.

Europe – Google Data Centers

Below is a summary of Google’s Europe data center locations, including each of their addresses:

AddressLocationMetro / RegionCountry
Ecopôle Business ParkFarciennesWalloniaBelgium
Rue de Ghlin 100, 7331St. Ghislain / MonsWalloniaBelgium
Prinsessens Kvartér 10, 7000FredericiaJutlandDenmark
Ensontie 1, 49420HaminaKymenlaaksoFinland
22 Baldonnel RoadAungierstownDublinIreland
Oostpolder 4, 9979 XTEemshavenGroningenNetherlands
Tussenweg 12, 1775 RKMiddenmeerAmsterdamNetherlands

Facility-level investment and employment details for each of Google’s Europe data center locations are as follows:

  • Belgium: Google has invested a total of nearly €3 billion into its data center campus near the towns of St. Ghislain and Mons, in Wallonia, Belgium
  • Denmark: Google has invested a total of €600 million into its campus in Fredericia, Jutland, Denmark, creating jobs for around 150 people on-site
  • Finland: Google has invested a total of €1.2 billion into its campus in Hamina, Kymenlaakso, Finland
  • Ireland: Google has invested a total of €500 million into its campus in Aungierstown, Dublin, Ireland, which is specifically located in the Grange Castle Business Park South
  • Netherlands: Google has invested a total of €2.5 billion into its two campuses in Eemshaven and Middenmeer, in the Netherlands, which together have created jobs for around 600 people on-site

Asia Pacific

Google operates 3 data centers in 3 countries across Asia Pacific, namely Japan, Singapore, and Taiwan.

Below is a summary of Google’s Asia Pacific data center locations, including each of their addresses:

AddressLocationRegionCountry
2 Chome-4 KagurominamiInzaiChiba PrefectureJapan
2 Jurong West Street 23Jurong WestWest RegionSingapore
No. 85, Zhangbin West 2nd RoadXianxi TownshipChanghua CountyTaiwan

Facility-level investment and employment details for each of Google’s Asia Pacific data center locations are as follows:

  • Japan: Google plans to invest a total of $730 million into infrastructure in Japan, which includes its data center campus in Inzai, Chiba Prefecture, Japan
  • Singapore: Google has invested a total of $850 million into its campus in Jurong West, Singapore
  • Taiwan: Google has invested a total of $600 million into its campus in Xianxi Township, Changhua County, Taiwan

How Does Google Select a Data Center Location?

Google selects a data center location using a number of site selection criteria, including energy infrastructure, proximity to Google’s end users, available workforce, available land, exposure to natural disasters, fiber connectivity, and sustainable energy.

Exterior of Google Cloud Data Center Located in Inzai Chiba Prefecture Japan
Google Cloud Data Center Location in Inzai, Chiba Prefecture, Japan.

Below are further details on Google’s seven main criteria groups for selecting a data center location:

  1. Energy Infrastructure: Google’s multi-megawatt data center deployments require abundant and low-cost power, as well as the appropriate energy infrastructure such as overhead power transmission lines
  2. Proximity to End Users: Google builds data centers in close proximity to large population clusters to ensure that its various services – such as Google Cloud, Gmail, Search, and YouTube – can respond quickly to end user demands
  3. Workforce: Available information technology and engineering workforce, as well as personnel for roles in operations, maintenance, and security, are all critical for running data centers
  4. Land: Google requires available land parcels, comprising tens of acres – and often 100+ acres – in order to build-out each of its massive data center locations
  5. Natural Disasters: Areas that are prone to earthquakes, extreme weather events (e.g., hurricanes and tornadoes), or floods are not good candidates to build data centers that house thousands of servers
  6. Fiber Connectivity: Latency limits and distance to nearby points of presence (PoPs), or network access points (NAPs), is a major consideration
  7. Sustainable Energy: Since power is a high ongoing cost and impacts the environment, Google seeks reliable and efficient carbon-free energy options to enable sustainable operations

Once a data center location is chosen and land is acquired, then Google can commence data center construction. Overall, Google’s data center construction projects are generally multi-year developments with multiple phases, where the company acquires suitable land and buildings, constructs buildings, and secures and installs information technology infrastructure, such as servers.

READ MORE: How Much Does it Cost to Build a Data Center?

Mary Zhang covers Data Centers for Dgtl Infra, including Equinix (NASDAQ: EQIX), Digital Realty (NYSE: DLR), CyrusOne, CoreSite Realty, QTS Realty, Switch Inc, Iron Mountain (NYSE: IRM), Cyxtera (NASDAQ: CYXT), and many more. Within Data Centers, Mary focuses on the sub-sectors of hyperscale, enterprise / colocation, cloud service providers, and edge computing. Mary has over 5 years of experience in research and writing for Data Centers.

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